Seismic modeling by optimizing regularized staggered-grid finite-difference operators using a time-space-domain dispersion-relationship-preserving method

The staggered-grid finite-difference (FD) method is widely used in numerical simulation of the wave equation. With stability conditions, grid dispersion often exists because of the discretization of the time and the spatial derivatives in thewave equation. Therefore, suppressing grid dispersion is a key problem for the staggered-grid FD schemes. To reduce the grid dispersion, the traditional method uses high-order staggered-grid schemes in the space domain. However, the wave is propagated in the time and space domain simultaneously. Therefore, some researchers proposed to derive staggered-grid FD schemes based on the time-space domain dispersion relationship. However, such methods were restricted to low frequencies and special angles of propagation. We have developed a regularizing technique to tackle the ill-conditioned property of the symmetric linear system and to stably provide approximate solutions of the FD coefficients for acoustic-wave equations. Dispersion analysis and seismic numerical simulations determined that the proposed method satisfies the dispersion relationship over a much wider range of frequencies and angles of propagation and can ensure FD coefficients being solved via a well-posed linear system and hence improve the forward modeling precision.